The study provides a comprehensive overview of historical patterns and recent developments in the housing sector in Greece and highlights housing affordability as an issue of increasing importance for economic and social cohesion. While the recovery in prices and the strengthening of investment activity reflect renewed interest in the housing market, the analysis indicates that housing costs are rising faster than incomes for a significant share of the population. These developments are examined in the context of the long-standing structural characteristics of the housing system, the legacy of the economic crisis, changing conditions in the rental market, and the broader financial environment. Building on both implemented and planned housing policies, and drawing on insights from international practices, the study underscores the importance of a balanced policy approach that takes into account both market functioning and the social dimensions of the issue, and concludes by setting out a set of policy directions aimed at increasing housing supply, improving accessibility, and supporting the smooth functioning of the housing market.